“Parkinson’s is a slow-progressing neurodegenerative brain disorder that primarily affects body movements. However, with early diagnosis and timely treatment, patients can live independently for a long time,” said Dr. Ankur Jain (MD, DNB, DM-Neurology), Senior Neurologist at Wockhardt Hospital, Nagpur.
Speaking on the occasion of World Parkinson’s Day, Dr. Jain emphasized that while Parkinson’s is commonly seen in individuals above the age of 60, symptoms are now being observed in patients as young as 40. “This condition occurs due to the gradual degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in a region of the brain called substantia nigra. Dopamine is a vital neurotransmitter responsible for smooth and balanced muscle movements,” he explained.
Dr. Jain further elaborated on the four cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s: tremors (shaking, often at rest), slowness of movement (bradykinesia), muscle stiffness, and impaired balance or coordination. “Other symptoms like sleep disturbances, constipation, depression, and memory issues may also be present. Diagnosis is largely clinical, based on symptoms and neurological examination. In most cases, blood tests, CT scans, or MRIs are not required. Occasionally, a Dopamine Transporter Scan (DAT scan) may be helpful, though it is expensive and not widely available,” he added.
On treatment options, Dr. Jain clarified, “Parkinson’s is currently incurable, but since it progresses gradually, appropriate medications can help patients maintain their independence for many years. Levodopa-Carbidopa is considered the most effective medicine, especially for improving movement, although long-term use may lead to side effects. Hence, dopamine agonists like pramipexole and ropinirole or MAO-B inhibitors are also prescribed to minimize dosage-related complications. In younger patients, trihexyphenidyl may be used to control tremors.”
“For patients who do not respond adequately to medications or experience severe tremors, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery is a viable option. Previously available only in metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru, DBS is now also available at Wockhardt Hospitals, Nagpur,” he said.
Dr. Jain also stressed the importance of complementary therapies. “Along with medicines, regular physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy play a crucial role in improving mobility, balance, and quality of life,” he noted.
He concluded by saying, “Though Parkinson’s is a chronic and progressive disorder, with early diagnosis, proper medication, surgical options, and rehabilitative therapies, patients can lead a long, self-reliant, and meaningful life.”